Hepatitis in Kids: Cause to Prevention, All You Need to Know

Hepatitis is becoming increasingly common in kids. Expert sheds light on the possible causes, symptoms and ways to manage it.

Hepatitis in children refers to liver inflammation, which can result from various causes, including viral infections, exposure to toxins or chemicals, and certain medications. Speaking with India.com, Dr. Vaishnavi Chandramohan – General Pediatrician Rainbow Children’s Hospital Marathahalli, Bangalore.

Hepatitis Causes in Kids

• Viral Infections: Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E are the primary viral culprits. Hepatitis A is typically transmitted through contaminated food or water, while B, C, and D spread through infected blood or bodily fluids.
• Toxins and Medications: Certain drugs, chemicals, or medications, when consumed in excess or at high doses, can damage the liver and cause hepatitis. Paracetamol (in high doses or given too frequently) and excessive vitamin A intake are examples.

Hepatitis Symptoms

• Abdominal Tenderness: Pain or discomfort, particularly in the upper right abdomen.
• Fatigue: Persistent tiredness or lack of energy.
• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes.
• Digestive Symptoms: Including nausea, vomiting, and changes in stool color (dark urine, pale stools).
• Abdominal Swelling: Due to fluid retention, leading to abdominal distension.
• Other Symptoms: Such as fever and muscle aches.

Hepatitis Management:

• Prevention: Vaccination is crucial for hepatitis A and B, as they have available vaccines. While there’s no vaccine for hepatitis C, D, and E, steps should be taken to avoid exposure to contaminated blood or bodily fluids by not sharing toothbrushes or razors, making sure proper screening is done before blood transfusion etcetera.
• Medical Evaluation: Prompt medical attention is necessary for diagnosis and treatment. This includes physical examination, blood tests to assess liver function and viral presence, ultrasound imaging, and in some cases, liver biopsy.
• Treatment: Treatment focuses on managing symptoms, preventing further liver damage, and promoting liver health. Antiviral drugs may be given for viral hepatitis due to hepatitis C. Supportive care includes adequate rest, proper nutrition, and hydration.
• Follow-up Care: Regular monitoring and follow-up appointments with healthcare providers are essential to assess liver function, and adjust treatment as needed.

By understanding the causes, recognising symptoms early, and implementing appropriate management strategies, hepatitis in children can be effectively managed, leading to improved outcomes and better liver health.